Creativity is an indispensable part of human cognition and also an inherent part of how we make sense of the world. Metaphorical abstraction is fundamental in communicating creative ideas through nuanced relationships between abstract concepts such as feelings. While computer vision benchmarks and approaches predominantly focus on understanding and generating literal interpretations of images, metaphorical comprehension of images remains relatively unexplored. Towards this goal, we introduce MetaCLUE, a set of vision tasks on visual metaphor. We also collect high-quality and rich metaphor annotations (abstract objects, concepts, relationships along with their corresponding object boxes) as there do not exist any datasets that facilitate the evaluation of these tasks. We perform a comprehensive analysis of state-of-the-art models in vision and language based on our annotations, highlighting strengths and weaknesses of current approaches in visual metaphor Classification, Localization, Understanding (retrieval, question answering, captioning) and gEneration (text-to-image synthesis) tasks. We hope this work provides a concrete step towards developing AI systems with human-like creative capabilities.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

One-shot segmentation of brain tissues is typically a dual-model iterative learning: a registration model (reg-model) warps a carefully-labeled atlas onto unlabeled images to initialize their pseudo masks for training a segmentation model (seg-model); the seg-model revises the pseudo masks to enhance the reg-model for a better warping in the next iteration. However, there is a key weakness in such dual-model iteration that the spatial misalignment inevitably caused by the reg-model could misguide the seg-model, which makes it converge on an inferior segmentation performance eventually. In this paper, we propose a novel image-aligned style transformation to reinforce the dual-model iterative learning for robust one-shot segmentation of brain tissues. Specifically, we first utilize the reg-model to warp the atlas onto an unlabeled image, and then employ the Fourier-based amplitude exchange with perturbation to transplant the style of the unlabeled image into the aligned atlas. This allows the subsequent seg-model to learn on the aligned and style-transferred copies of the atlas instead of unlabeled images, which naturally guarantees the correct spatial correspondence of an image-mask training pair, without sacrificing the diversity of intensity patterns carried by the unlabeled images. Furthermore, we introduce a feature-aware content consistency in addition to the image-level similarity to constrain the reg-model for a promising initialization, which avoids the collapse of image-aligned style transformation in the first iteration. Experimental results on two public datasets demonstrate 1) a competitive segmentation performance of our method compared to the fully-supervised method, and 2) a superior performance over other state-of-the-art with an increase of average Dice by up to 4.67%. The source code is available at: https://github.com/JinxLv/One-shot-segmentation-via-IST.

A fundamental question in any peer-to-peer ride-sharing system is how to, both effectively and efficiently, meet the request of passengers to balance the supply and demand in real time. On the passenger side, traditional approaches focus on pricing strategies by increasing the probability of users' call to adjust the distribution of demand. However, previous methods do not take into account the impact of changes in strategy on future supply and demand changes, which means drivers are repositioned to different destinations due to passengers' calls, which will affect the driver's income for a period of time in the future. Motivated by this observation, we make an attempt to optimize the distribution of demand to handle this problem by learning the long-term spatio-temporal values as a guideline for pricing strategy. In this study, we propose an offline deep reinforcement learning based method focusing on the demand side to improve the utilization of transportation resources and customer satisfaction. We adopt a spatio-temporal learning method to learn the value of different time and location, then incentivize the ride requests of passengers to adjust the distribution of demand to balance the supply and demand in the system. In particular, we model the problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP).

Existing deep learning based HDRTV reconstruction methods assume one kind of tone mapping operators (TMOs) as the degradation procedure to synthesize SDRTV-HDRTV pairs for supervised training. In this paper, we argue that, although traditional TMOs exploit efficient dynamic range compression priors, they have several drawbacks on modeling the realistic degradation: information over-preservation, color bias and possible artifacts, making the trained reconstruction networks hard to generalize well to real-world cases. To solve this problem, we propose a learning-based data synthesis approach to learn the properties of real-world SDRTVs by integrating several tone mapping priors into both network structures and loss functions. In specific, we design a conditioned two-stream network with prior tone mapping results as a guidance to synthesize SDRTVs by both global and local transformations. To train the data synthesis network, we form a novel self-supervised content loss to constraint different aspects of the synthesized SDRTVs at regions with different brightness distributions and an adversarial loss to emphasize the details to be more realistic. To validate the effectiveness of our approach, we synthesize SDRTV-HDRTV pairs with our method and use them to train several HDRTV reconstruction networks. Then we collect two inference datasets containing both labeled and unlabeled real-world SDRTVs, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that, the networks trained with our synthesized data generalize significantly better to these two real-world datasets than existing solutions.

随着方法的发展，反转主要分为两个步骤。第一步是图像嵌入，其中编码器或优化过程嵌入图像以获取相应的潜在代码。之后，第二步旨在完善反转和编辑结果，我们将其命名为“结果”。尽管第二步显着提高了忠诚度，但感知和编辑性几乎没有变化，深处取决于第一步中获得的反向潜在代码。因此，一个关键问题是在保留重建保真度的同时获得更好的感知和编辑性的潜在代码。在这项工作中，我们首先指出，这两个特征与合成分布的逆代码的对齐程度（或不对准）有关。然后，我们提出了潜在空间比对反转范式（LSAP），该范式由评估度量和解决方案组成。具体来说，我们引入了归一化样式空间（$ \ Mathcal {s^n} $ space）和$ \ Mathcal {s^n} $ cosine距离（SNCD）以测量反转方法的不对准。由于我们提出的SNCD是可区分的，因此可以在基于编码器和基于优化的嵌入方法中进行优化，以执行均匀的解决方案。在各个域中进行的广泛实验表明，SNCD有效地反映了感知和编辑性，并且我们的对齐范式在两个步骤中都归档了最新的。代码可在https://github.com/caopulan/ganinverter上找到。

具有高分辨率（HR）的磁共振成像（MRI）提供了更详细的信息，以进行准确的诊断和定量图像分析。尽管取得了重大进展，但大多数现有的医学图像重建网络都有两个缺陷：1）所有这些缺陷都是在黑盒原理中设计的，因此缺乏足够的解释性并进一步限制其实际应用。可解释的神经网络模型引起了重大兴趣，因为它们在处理医学图像时增强了临床实践所需的可信赖性。 2）大多数现有的SR重建方法仅使用单个对比度或使用简单的多对比度融合机制，从而忽略了对SR改进至关重要的不同对比度之间的复杂关系。为了解决这些问题，在本文中，提出了一种新颖的模型引导的可解释的深层展开网络（MGDUN），用于医学图像SR重建。模型引导的图像SR重建方法求解手动设计的目标函数以重建HR MRI。我们通过将MRI观察矩阵和显式多对比度关系矩阵考虑到末端到端优化期间，将迭代的MGDUN算法展示为新型模型引导的深层展开网络。多对比度IXI数据集和Brats 2019数据集进行了广泛的实验，证明了我们提出的模型的优势。

3D多对象跟踪（MOT）确保在连续动态检测过程中保持一致性，有利于自动驾驶中随后的运动计划和导航任务。但是，基于摄像头的方法在闭塞情况下受到影响，准确跟踪基于激光雷达的方法的对象的不规则运动可能是具有挑战性的。某些融合方法效果很好，但不认为在遮挡下出现外观特征的不可信问题。同时，错误检测问题也显着影响跟踪。因此，我们根据组合的外观运动优化（Camo-Mot）提出了一种新颖的相机融合3D MOT框架，该框架使用相机和激光镜数据，并大大减少了由遮挡和错误检测引起的跟踪故障。对于遮挡问题，我们是第一个提出遮挡头来有效地选择最佳对象外观的人，从而减少了闭塞的影响。为了减少错误检测在跟踪中的影响，我们根据置信得分设计一个运动成本矩阵，从而提高了3D空间中的定位和对象预测准确性。由于现有的多目标跟踪方法仅考虑一个类别，因此我们还建议建立多类损失，以在多类别场景中实现多目标跟踪。在Kitti和Nuscenes跟踪基准测试上进行了一系列验证实验。我们提出的方法在KITTI测试数据集上的所有多模式MOT方法中实现了最先进的性能和最低的身份开关（IDS）值（CAR为23，行人为137）。并且我们提出的方法在Nuscenes测试数据集上以75.3％的AMOTA进行了所有算法中的最新性能。

为了成功推荐（SR）成功，最近的作品着重于设计有效的顺序编码器，融合侧面信息以及挖掘额外的积极的自我实施信号。在每个时间步骤中对负面项目进行采样的策略较少探索。由于用户在培训过程中的兴趣和模型更新的动态，因此考虑用户的非相互作用项目的随机抽样项目作为负面的项目可能是不明智的。结果，该模型将不准确地了解用户对项目的偏好。识别信息性负面因素是具有挑战性的，因为内容的负面项目与动态变化的兴趣和模型参数相关（并且抽样过程也应该是有效的）。为此，我们建议为SR（Genni）生成负样本（项目）。根据当前SR模型对项目的学习用户偏好，在每个时间步骤中都采样了负项目。提出了有效的实施，以进一步加速生成过程，使其可扩展到大规模推荐任务。在四个公共数据集上进行的广泛实验验证了为SR提供高质量的负样本的重要性，并证明了Genni的有效性和效率。

在过去的几年中，在仿生机器人鱼类的研究中有许多新的发展和重大成就。但是，就游泳性能而言，现有的仿生机器人鱼类落后于鱼类，促使研究人员不断开发各种仿生机器人鱼类的创新设计。在本文中，详细介绍了机器人鱼类的最新设计，以推进模式为特色。新机器人鱼类主要包括软机器人鱼和僵硬的耦合机器人鱼。根据总结鱼类的主要游泳理论，分析了游泳机制研究的最新进展。总结了新运动协调领域的最新研究和多个机器人鱼类的通信。机器人鱼类的一般研究趋势是利用更高效，更强大的方法来最佳模仿真正的鱼类，同时表现出卓越的游泳性能。讨论了当前的挑战和潜在的未来研究方向。需要各种方法来缩小机器人鱼和鱼之间游泳性能的差距。本文是将有兴趣学习仿生机器人鱼类的最先进研究的机器人和海洋生物学家汇集在一起​​的第一步。